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STUDIES & RESEARCH

Our goal is to compile and provide the most essential and up-to-date information on Acanthamoeba Keratitis through a user-friendly platform. This includes articles, case studies, publications, research, clinical trials, and tutorials related to AK.

For healthcare professionals, we segment the information into 3 categories:

1.- Diagnosis and Treatment
2.- Advanced Techniques
3.- Epidemiology

If you have any inquiries or valuable information to share, feel free to contact us.

Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnostic features of Acanthamoeba keratitis via in vivo confocal microscopy.Przybek-Skrzypeckaet al.Sci Rep15, 10940 (2025)
  • Global Alliance againts Acanthamoeba Keratitis White Paper. A collaborative effort by patients, clinicians, researchers, industry, and regulators to improve education, prevention, and patient outcomes. The AK Eye Foundation contributed the patient perspective and provides access to the document, but the project is led by Nicole Carnt. (2024)
  • The Orphan Drug for Acanthamoeba Keratitis (ODAK) Trial: PHMB 0.08% (Polihexanide) and Placebo versus PHMB 0.02% and Propamidine 0.1% John K G Dart et al – Ophtalmology –  (2024)
  • Use of in vivo confocal microscopy in suspected Acanthamoeba keratitis: a 12-year real-world data study at a Swedish regional referral center. Toba B, Lagali N. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. (2024)
  • Case Study: 54 year old man with acute painful redness in his right eye  with photophobia after he slept in his contact lens the previous night. Zachary Reynard, Taher Eleiwa – Eye Meds Now – (2024)
  • Assessing PCR-Positive Acanthamoeba keratitis—A Retrospective Chart Review. This study raises awareness of patient education in contact lens handling and screens for further microbial co-infections in suspected Acanthamoeba cases. – Microorganisms – (2024) 
  • Acanthamoeba epitheliopathy: Importance of early diagnosis. Gavin Li et Al. American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports (2022)
  • Diagnosing and monitoring the characteristics of Acanthamoeba keratitis using slit scanning and laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy. K. Curro-Tafili et al – OPO – (2022)
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Fanselow N, et al. Pathogens (2021)
  • An update on Acanthamoeba keratitis: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. Jacob Lorenzo-Morales et al. NCBI (2015)
  • The rising tide of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Auckland, New Zealand: a 7‐year review of presentation, diagnosis and outcomes. James McKelvie Franzco et al. FRANZCO DSc (2009–2016)
  • Challenges in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Review. Giuseppe Varacalli et al., J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(5), 942; – MDPI (2021)
  • Outcomes of amoebic, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: A retrospective cohort study. Moe CA et al. – PLOS ONE 17 – (2022)
  • Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Single-Institution Series of Four Cases With Literature Review. Clarissa Smith et al – Cureus – (2022)
  • Confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis. Kasparova EA et al. – PMID – (2021)
  • Ocular Hypertension, Glaucoma Frequent Complications of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Carlene Majorino – Optometry Advisor – (2021)

Advanced Techniques

  • Same‑session dual chromophore riboflavin/ UV‑A and rose bengal/green light PACK‑CXL in Acanthamoeba keratitis: a case report. Hafezi et al. Eye and Vision 12:2 (2025)
  • The Orphan Drug for Acanthamoeba Keratitis (ODAK) Trial: PHMB 0.08% (Polihexanide) and Placebo versus PHMB 0.02% and Propamidine 0.1% John K G Dart et al – Ophtalmology –  (2024)
  • Novel Map Biopsy Technique to Define the Extent of Infection Before Penetrating Keratoplasty for Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Simpson, Alasdair et al – Cornea –  (2023)
  • Ultrasensitive and rapid diagnostic tool for detection of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Susanna Haapanen et al – Science Direct (2023)
  • The role of the calcofluor white staining in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Elhardt, C. et al. J Ophthal Inflamm Infect 13, 23 (2023)
  • Therapeutic Corneal Transplantation in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Penetrating Versus Lamellar Keratoplasty. Di Zazzo, Antonio MD et al– Cornea– (2022)
  • Voriconazole in the successful management of a case of Acanthamoeba-Cladosporium keratitis. Anita Raghavan et al – American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports – (2021)
  • Systemic Miltefosine as an Adjunct Treatment of Progressive Acanthamoeba Keratitis.  Andrea Naranjo et al – PubMed – (2021)
  • Accelerated collagen cross-linking in the management of advanced Acanthamoeba keratitis. Cartes Cristian et al – Scielo – (2019)
  • Riboflavin and Ultraviolet Light A Therapy as an Adjuvant Treatment for Medically Refractive Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Yasin A. Khan et al – kalyanieye – (2011)
  • Early Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) for Acanthamoeba Keratitis Poorly Responsive to Medical Treatment. Sarnicola, Enrica MD et al – Cornea – (2016)

Epidemiology

  • Understanding Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An In-Depth Review of a Sight-Threatening Eye Infection. Francesco Petrillo et al. –  Microorganisms – (2024)
  • Perspectives on the incidence of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Francesco Aiello et al. –  Ophtalmology – (2024)
  • The global epidemiology and clinical diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Yuheng Zhang et al.– Science Direct – (2023)
  • Acanthamoeba spp. aggregate and encyst on contact lens material increasing resistance to disinfection. Campolo Allison et al – Microbiology – Volume 13 – (2022)
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis: an increasingly common infectious disease of the cornea. Binod Rayamajhee et al. – The Lancet Microbe – (2021)
  • Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Marciano-Cabral F et al.  Clin Microbiol Rev. (2003)
  • The rising incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis: A 7-year nationwide survey and clinical assessment of risk factors and functional outcomes. Anna C Randag et al. – Plos One – (2019)
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis in 194 patients: risk factors for bad outcomes and severe inflammatory complications.  Nicole Carnt  et al – Br J Ophthalmol – (2018)